Pns1100050 321..328
نویسنده
چکیده
Intestinal failure (IF) occurs when intestinal absorptive function is inadequate to maintain hydration and nutrition without enteral or parenteral supplements. It has been classified into three types depending on duration of nutrition support and reversibility. Type 1 IF is commonly seen in the peri-operative period as ileus and usually spontaneously resolves within 14 d. Type 2 IF is uncommon and is often associated with an intra-abdominal catastrophe, intestinal resection, sepsis, metabolic disturbances and undernutrition. Type 3 IF is a chronic condition in a metabolically stable patient, which usually requires long-term parenteral nutrition. This paper focuses on Types 1 and 2 IF (or acute IF) that are usually found in surgical wards. The objectives of this paper are to review the incidence, aetiology, prevention, management principles and outcome of acute IF. The paper discusses the resources necessary to manage acute IF, the indications for inter-hospital transfer and the practicalities of how to transfer and receive a patient with acute IF.
منابع مشابه
Reflection Groups of Lorentzian Lattices
0. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 1. Notation and terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 2. Modular forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 3. Discrim...
متن کاملFormalizing Word Sampling for Vocabulary Prediction as Graph-based Active Learning
References: Quanquan Gu and Jiawei Han. 2012. Towards active learning on graphs: An error bound minimization approach. In Proceedings of ICDM 2012. Dengyong Zhou, Oliver Bousquet, Thomas Navin Lal, Jason Weston, and Bernhard Scholkopf. 2004. Learning with local and global consistency. In Proceedings NIPS, pages 321– 328. Batia Laufer and Paul Nation. 1999. A vocabularysize test of controlled pr...
متن کاملThe Congressional Failure to Enforce Equal Protection through the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 314 I. THE SCOPE OF CONGRESS’S RESPONSIBILITY UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT ................................................................. 321 A. The Relevance of Judicial Interpretation .................................... 321 B. Distinguishing Mandatory, Discretionary, and Intermed...
متن کاملTempering Idealism with Realism: Using Restorative Justice Processes to Promote Acceptance of Responsibility in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 R I. The Importance of Public Truth-Telling and Acceptance of Responsibility to Victim Healing and Community Norm Change: Social and Psychological Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 R A. Benefits to Individual Victims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32...
متن کامل